Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• was found that the wing folding ratio correlated with the lift force of the beetles. Wind speed, folding ratio, aspect ratio, and flapping frequency had a combined effect on the flight performance of the beetles. The results will be helpful to design new deployable FWMAVs. Keywords: beetle hind wings

• hind wings of beetles are folded to reduce their size and to hide under the elytra [23][24]. The foldable wings of beetles have attracted the interest of aerospace engineering scientists as well as entomologists [25]. Knowledge about the folding mechanism of beetle hind wings can be used to design

• deployable FWMAVs [16][26]. Rapidly deployable wings based on the design of origami mechanisms [27] and foldable artificial wings imitating Allomyrina dichotoma have opened up new prospects for foldable structures in MAVs [28]. The folding pattern and geometric and kinematic parameters of beetle hind wings

The hydraulic mechanism in the hind wing veins of Cybister japonicus Sharp (order: Coleoptera)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Wei Wu,
• Mingze Ling,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 904–913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.82

• . The blood flow and pressure changes are discussed. The driving mechanism for hydraulic control of the folding and unfolding actions of beetle hind wings is put forward. This can assist the design of new deployable micro air vehicles and bioinspired deployable systems. Keywords: bioinspiration; diving

• (such as vein discontinuities, venation change, and vein membrane elasticity) [1]. Additionally, the hemolymph runs within the veins, assisting in the folding and unfolding movements of the wings [5]. The folding/unfolding behavior of beetle hind wings has been extensively researched. Its mechanism has

• process of the beetle hind wings, it can be seen that the beetle costa vein root to the fold points is fixed (S1), and from the fold point to the end of the vein, where around their folds, inward folding occurred (S2 + S3). Accordingly, the costa was fixed to the first half; the rear section of the